and been crucified and buried with Christ (Rom 6:3–8; Gal 2:20) is not the same as saying that they participate in his death, crucifixion, and burial. To say that Jesus “gave himself for our sins to deliver us from the present evil age” (Gal 1:4*) is not the same as saying that his death has effected that deliverance or inaugurated a new age. Similarly, to say that believers are justified in or through Christ’s blood (Rom 5:9) is different from saying that Christ’s blood or death justifies them.